Moreover, they cannot be transferred to more desirable substrates for mechanically flexible and lowcost applications. While all the above media have specific domains of application, hyperbolic metamaterials are a multifunctional platform to realize waveguiding, imaging, sensing, quantum and thermal engineering beyond conventional devices 18. Modeling of metamaterial structures using an extended finitedi. Some of the applications of hyperbolic metamaterials include negative refraction 23, 24, subdiffraction imaging 3, 25, sub. Lasing action with gold nanorod hyperbolic metamaterials. The consequences of hyperbolic dispersion were first. By exciting these modes using a gratingcoupling technique, we achieved different extreme sensitivity modes with. And now, modeling their unique characteristics and behaviors in electromagnetic systems just got easier. Metamaterials and fdtd based numerical modeling studies sibel gunduz 1, mustafa cak. Metamaterial lenses superlens are able to reconstruct nanometer sized images by producing a negative refractive index in each instance. Broadband acoustic hyperbolic metamaterial chen shen,1 yangbo xie,2 ni sui,1 wenqi wang,2 steven a. Tech, indian institute of technology guwahati chair of advisory committee.
The specifically designed metacavity merges plasmon resonant modes within the cube and provides a unique resonant radiation feedback to the mqw. Negative refraction from a bulk metamaterial simulated in fdtd. Negative refraction and hyperbolic dispersion were demonstrated in the midinfrared region using a structure consisting of doped ingaas and intrinsic alinas layers29. Nonlinear crosspolarization generation of optical wave. We take negligible losses to clarify the origin of the highk. Hyperbolic metamaterial as super absorber for scattered fields generated at its surface. We calculate the purcell factor from a direct calculation of the local density of states from the band structure of the periodic unit cell. Optical simulation and optimization of light extraction. In the third section we propose general evanescentmodesensing methods to probe the quantum electrodynamics qed vacuum polarization.
Fdtd analysis of metamaterial coated microwave antenna. It is shown that metamaterial origin can be easily understood by placing. The wavevector of a plane wave in these media follows the surface of a hyperboloid in contrast to an ellipsoid for conventional anisotropic dielectric. Concurrent computing with lumerical fdtd solutions. Controlling exciton dynamics in twodimensional mos2 on. Hyperbolic metamaterial devices for wavefront manipulation.
Nevels due to the growth in mobile wireless systems, electrically small antennas esas, which. We propose a special structure of the hyperbolic metamaterial hmm in terahertz frequency range that is composed of graphenedielectric multilayer. Realization of broadband negative refraction in visible range. Negative refraction experiment a uniaxial material that has different signs of real permittivity in different directions is a hmm. Therefore, the metamaterial properties may be described by. Magnetic hyperbolic optical metamaterials sergey s. Nearperfect broadband absorption from hyperbolic metamaterial.
Investigation of surface roughness influence on hyperbolic. In conclusion we have realized and characterized a hyperbolic metamaterial made of. The matlab software is fully integrated with comsol. Stepanov institute of physics, national academy of sciences of belarus, minsk, belarus. Modeling of metamaterial structures using an extended finite. Summary a method is described for applying fdtd simulation to electromagnetic metamaterial slabs with o. Narrowband spatial filter based on hyperbolic metamaterial. Thus far, this enhancement has only been demonstrated qualitatively on account of the difficulties to achieve an equal emitterhmm distanceaswell asthe samepolarization forallemitters.
Subwavelength layered metaldielectric structures whose effective permittivities for different polarizations have different signs are known as hyperbolic metamaterials hmms. Spontaneous emission inside a hyperbolic metamaterial. It is believed they are unique in their ability to support electromagnetic waves with very large wavevectors and, therefore. Fdtd simulations of the electromagnetic field profile supplementary fig. In section 2we formulate the mathematical mechanism of propagation of plasmons in corrugated metamaterials and give the main steps for the derivation of a perturbative treatment that allows us to. Voltageadjustable terahertz hyperbolic metamaterial based. Metamaterials are nanoengineered media with designed properties beyond those available in nature with applications in all aspects of materials science.
Hyperbolic metamaterials have been designed that show negative refraction, but the. Hyperbolic metamaterial cavities are one class of optical cavities that have recently been realized and shown to possess desirable characteristics such as engineered refractive indices and ultrasmall mode volumes, both beneficial for enhancement of lightmatter interactions at the nanoscale. Hyperbolic dispersion dominant regime identified through. Hyperbolic metamaterials and their applications sciencedirect. Numerical fdtd simulation 34, 35 has also been applied to hmms, showing, once again, the predicted pe far exceeding the observed values. Although hmms are designed by interlocking low loss dielectric materials and highly reflective noble metals, the strong absorption of light is realized via the indefinite dispersion of such metastructures. Introduction metamaterials, with engineered subwavelengthscale microstructures, have exhibited many unique and useful abilities for wave control. Manipulating light polarizations with a hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide hua zhu,1 xiang yin,1 lin chen,1,zhongshu zhu,1 and xun li2 1wuhan national laboratory for optoelectronics, huazhong university of science and technology, wuhan 430074, china. This compensates for the swiftly decaying evanescent waves.
Schurign,y department of ece, duke university, box 90291, durham, nc 27708, u. A singlephase elastic hyperbolic metamaterial with. Osa ultrabroadband light absorption based on photonic. Review article applicationsofhyperbolicmetamaterialsubstrates. A plasmonic metamaterial is a metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature.
Cummer,2 and yun jing1, 1department of mechanical and aerospace engineering, north carolina state university, raleigh, north carolina 27695, usa. Our primary focus is on the basic physics of the light transmission and what parameters are critical to light transmission optimization and suppression, but we also have interest in studying radiation. At the enzp we observe a collimation behaviour, with a resolution downto l8 that permits to resolve the pmma structure on the top of the hmm. Evaluating the purcell factor in hyperbolic metamaterials. Hot electron dynamics in ultrafast multilayer epsilonnear.
Metamaterial technologies have matured over the past decade for a variety of applications such as superresolution imaging 1, 2, cloaking 3, and perfect absorption 4. Multilayer graphene superlattices can also show a hyperbolic metamaterial response in the thz farir region of the spectrum 4751. In this context, we have developed a miniaturized plasmonic biosensor platform based on a hyperbolic metamaterial that can support highly confined bulk plasmon guided modes over a broad wavelength range from visible to near infrared. Prior to metamaterials, numerous other techniques had been proposed and even demonstrated for creating superresolution microscopy. Shalaev1, 1school of electrical and computer engineering and birck nanotechnology center, purdue. This onestop resource gives engineers powerful finitedifference timedomain fdtd techniques for modeling metamaterials, complete with applications and timesaving sample fdtd scripts. However, realizing a full optical tunable enz metamaterial. At ultraviolet uv frequencies, gold and silver along with alumina forms the ideal choice for the metamaterial. Sem images of the earliest experimentally demonstrated nanowire hyperbolic metamaterial, consisting of ag nanowires electrochemically plated in an anodic aluminum oxide aao template. Hyperbolic metamaterials can enhance spontaneous emission.
Finitedifference timedomain simulations of metamaterials. Close to the plasma frequency of these metals, which is in the uv. State key laboratory of precision measuring technology and instruments, tianjin. First, we design and implement a planar hyperbolic metamaterial, which blocks transmission of light impinging directly upon its surface. Kruk1, zi jing wong2, ekaterina pshenayseverin1,3, kevin obrien2, dragomir n. Cad geometry from other softwares also can be imported into comsol multiphysics. Hyperbolic dispersion dominant regime identified through spontaneous emission variations near metamaterial interfaces kwang jin lee a,b, yeon ui lee a,b, sang jun kimc, pascal andre b,d a department of physics, quantum metamaterials research center, ewha womans university, seoul 03760, south korea. The structural parameter of such a metamaterial falls into a few nanometers range. Manipulating light polarizations with a hyperbolic. Mathematical modeling of metamaterials by valjean elizabeth elander bachelor of science in mathematics university of missouri, st. One can consider the hyperbolic metamaterial as a polaritonic crystal where the coupled states of light and matter give rise to a larger bulk density of electromagnetic states 21, 22. Tunable hyperbolic metamaterials based on selfassembled. Cummer,2 and yun jing1, 1department of mechanical and aerospace engineering, north carolina state university, raleigh, north carolina 27695, usa 2department of electrical and computer engineering, duke university, durham, north carolina 27708, usa received 28. The group velocity picture of metamaterial systems 3 range, which can be used as a removable memory or a light trap.
The proposed singlephase hyperbolic metamaterial has many promising applications for high resolution damage imaging in nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring. Radiative emission enhancement using nanoantennas made of hyperbolic metamaterial resonators caner guclu,1 ting shan luk,2,3 george t. This is demonstrated using vertically aligned hyperbolic metamaterial nanotube hnt arrays. Comparison oftheeffectivemediumdispersion ofananowirebased hyperbolic metamaterial ato the exact solution for a photonic crystal b. Here, we present a wideband spectralselective solar absorber based on multilayered hyperbolic metamaterial hmm. Hyperbolic metamaterial hmm is a nonmagnetic extremely anisotropic nanostructure that cannot be found in nature at optical frequencies having an open hyperboloid isofrequency surface. Observation of enhanced optical spin hall effect in a.
How to simulate layered hyperbolic metamaterials applications. Negativeindex metamaterial array configuration, which was constructed of copper splitring resonators and wires mounted on interlocking sheets of fiberglass circuit board. First, we design and implement a planar hyperbolic metamaterial which blocks transmission of light impinging directly upon its surface at any angle from freespace, but allows internal propagation. Definitions, properties, applications, and fdtd based modeling and simulation invited paper. Jan 17, 20 negative refraction from a bulk metamaterial simulated in fdtd lumerical inc. Department of electrical and computer engineering university of toronto, toronto, on, m5s 3g4, canada.
Basic electromagnetic properties of hyperbolic metamaterials may be understood by considering a nonmagnetic uniaxial anisotropic material with dielectric permittivities. Gainenhanced highk transmission through metalsemiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials joseph s. Tunable angle absorption of hyperbolic metamaterials based on plasma photonic crystals article pdf available in physics of plasmas 236. Here, a plasmonic laser made by using a nanoscale hyperbolic metamaterial cube, called hyperbolic metacavity, on a multiple quantumwell mqw, deepultraviolet emitter is presented. A hyperbolic metamaterial with a simultaneous type itype ii. Section 2 deals with the formulation of ade method for metamaterials media and fol. Enhanced spontaneous emission inside hyperbolic metamaterials.
The purpose of the present paper is to present such study. Here, a class of materials, transferrable hyperbolic metamaterial. Indium tin oxide nanowires as hyperbolic metamaterials for. Nusod 2016 evaluating the purcell factor in hyperbolic. Indium tin oxide nanowires as hyperbolic metamaterials for nearfield radiative heat transfer juiyung chang, soumyadipta basu,a and liping wangb school for engineering of matter, transport, and energy, arizona state university, tempe, arizona 85287.
This metamaterial uses the concept of engineering the basic dispersion relation of waves to provide unique electromagnetic modes that can have a broad range of. In this paper, the formulation of ade scheme for fdtd formulation in normal dps as well as dngbased materials is carried out. Metamaterials and fdtd based numerical modeling studies. Topological photonic phase in chiral hyperbolic metamaterials. Hyperbolic materials enable numerous surprising applications that include farfield subwavelength imaging, nanolithography, and emission engineering. Vasilantonakis et al bulk plasmonpolaritons in hyperbolic nanorod metamaterial waveguides figure 3 a and b isofrequency contours in the.
Issues of incommensurate spatial periods and interpolation of irregularly spaced data are discussed. Lasing action with gold nanorod hyperbolic metamaterials rohith chandrasekar, zhuoxian wang, xiangeng meng, shaimaa i. Introduction to hyperbolic functions pdf 20 download. All theoretical resul ts are demonstrated by nitedifference timedomain simulation. Detailed theory of transmission coefficients from effective medium theory, effective permittivities and dispersion of a vertical hyperbolic metamaterial consisting of gold and air, optical spin hall effect in a typei hyperbolic metamaterial, shift and shift enhancement at small incident angle, comparison between vertically and horizontally. Optical absorption of hyperbolic metamaterial with stochastic surfaces jingjing liu,1 gururaj v.
Fdtd modeling of lorentzian dng metamaterials by auxiliary. Subsequently, numerous hyperbolic metamaterials have been demonstrated that consist. These anisotropic materials may exhibit properties such as strong enhancement of spontaneous emission, diverging density of states, negative. Manipulating light polarizations with a hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide hua zhu,1 xiang yin,1 lin chen,1,zhongshu zhu,1 and xun li2 1wuhan national laboratory for optoelectronics, huazhong university of science and technology, wuhan 430074, china 2department of electrical and computer engineering, mcmaster university, 1280 main street. Hyperbolic metamaterial hmm can enhance the radiative recombination rate of a nearfield coupled emitter due to its large photonic density of states pdos. Serge kozik1, mohammed a binhussain2, andrei smirnov1, nikolai khilo1, vladimir agabekov3. Ultrasmall mode volume hyperbolic nanocavities for enhanced. The simulation and optimization methods and findings would facilitate the design of next generation, highefficiency oled devices. A graphenebased hyperbolic metamaterial has also been proposed for perfect absorption at terahertz frequencies 25. Sic based hyperbolic media were recently predicted to show superplanckian thermal emission 32,33.
Shalaev, school of electrical and computer engineering and birck nanotechnology center. A multiband perfect absorber based on hyperbolic metamaterials. May 18, 2016 a graphenebased hyperbolic metamaterial has also been proposed for perfect absorption at terahertz frequencies 25. Then, the resonant frequencies in the first brillouin zone are computed via a rigorous fdtd model of the structures unit. Department of electrical engineering and computer science, university of california, irvine. Interestingly, these anisotropic media support highly confined wavevector modes highk modes in addition to surface plasmon modes within the structure due. Graphenebased tunable hyperbolic metamaterials and. Subwavelength layered metal dielectric structures whose effective permittivities for different polarizations have different signs are known as hyperbolic metamaterials hmms.
Jan 24, 2017 the ability to perfectly absorb light with optically thin materials poses a significant challenge for many applications such as camouflage, light detection, and energy harvesting. Gainenhanced highk transmission through metalsemiconductor. Novel vcsel geometries are suggested, in which the bragg mirrors may be engineered in such a way that they exhibit hyperbolic metamaterial properties in the long wavelength infrared range, so that they may be used to efficiently remove excess heat from the laser cavity. Photonic topological transitions ptts in metamaterials open up a novel approach to design a variety of highperformance optical devices and provide a flexible platform for manipulating lightmatter interactions at nanoscale. Topological photonic phase in chiral hyperbolic metamaterials wenlong gao 1,2, mark lawrence 1, biao yang 1, fu liu 3, fengzhou fang 2, benjamin beri1, jensen li1, shuang zhang 1 1. We compare this method with calculations of the purcell factor obtained from the. Control of spontaneous emission in a volume of functionalized hyperbolic metamaterial, appl.
Deterministic coupling of epitaxial semiconductor quantum. Investigation of surface roughness influence on hyperbolic metamaterial performance. Current designs require planar reflectors that crack and delaminate after heating or flexing. A nonvolatile chalcogenide switchable hyperbolic metamaterial harish n. The right tools for your project we use lumericals fdtd to solve maxwells equations for light transmission through arrays of subwavelength openings of various shapes.
Deterministic coupling of epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots to hyperbolic metamaterial y. Wang,2 and filippo capolino1 1department of electrical engineering and computer science, university of california, irvine, california 92697 usa 2sandia national laboratories, po box 5800, albuquerque, new mexico 87185, usa. In order to elucidate the looselybound and lowloss nature of sps we further analyzed the field distributions in hyperbolic metamaterial by performing finitedifference timedomain fdtd analysis on multilayerstacked structures. Hyperbolic metamaterials can support unique bulk modes, tunable surface plasmon polaritons, and surface hyperbolic states dyakonov plasmons that can be used for a variety of applications. I attahed my fdtd file to check with you some stuff. By optimizing the radius and the lattice formation of ito nanorods arrangement, the nearly perfect phasematched condition for the nonlinear process based on hyperbolic phasematching hpm method was achieved implicitly and exhibited by the intersection point of isofrequency contour of each interacting waves in wavevector space. Finitedifference timedomain simulations of metamaterials a dissertation presented by zhengwei hao to the electrical and computer engineering department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the field of electrical engineering northeastern university boston, massachusetts december, 2012. Pdf tunable angle absorption of hyperbolic metamaterials. The hypercrystal unit cell in b is assumed to be nm, with one half of the cell. Under specific conditions, the incident light couples with the surface plasmons to create selfsustaining, propagating electromagnetic waves known as surface. Louis 1999 master of science in mathematics university of nevada, las vegas 2005 a dissertation submitted in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the doctor of philosophy in mathematical sciences.
A wide choice of plasmonic metals and high index dielectrics can give rise to hyperbolic behavior in different wavelength regimes. Plasmons are produced from the interaction of light with metaldielectric materials. Looselybound lowloss surface plasmons in hyperbolic. It is believed they are unique in their ability to support electromagnetic waves with very large wavevectors and, therefore, large densities of states, leading to a strong purcell enhancement pe of spontaneous. Radiative emission enhancement using nanoantennas made. Recent imaging experiments with plasmonic metamaterials are described. Lee1, 1department of physics, chungnam national university, daejeon 344, south korea 2center of optoelectronic materials and devices, kist, seoul 02792, south korea 3nanoscale. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In particular, metamaterials have shown promise for next generation optical materials with electromagnetic responses that cannot be obtained from conventional media. Show full abstract fdtd simulations of the metamaterial s unit cell. Naik,1,2 satoshi ishii,1,3 clayton devault,4 alexandra boltasseva,1,5 vladimir m.
1098 893 989 821 1190 290 308 917 1137 1376 262 848 936 1010 537 104 47 483 983 1424 1484 884 925 955 1210 468 1085 1507 1474 689 274 1035 999 215 735 80