Explain any four characteristics of plantation agriculture. Plantation crops is one of the most important contributor to the agriculture sector in kerala. The following table shows the production of major plantation crops in india during 200809. You can consider to buy grafted jackfruit plant here. Plantation treecropskeralaindia linkedin slideshare. The specialised commercial cultivation of cash crops on estates or. Pages in category agriculture in kerala the following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. Kerala plantations is a global producer of food products, with a range of portfolio including spices, grains, pulses, condiments, and confectioneries based at cochin, the spice coast of kerala, india.
A reversal of this trend of longterm decline in paddy cultivation in kerala is necessary for at least two reasons. The various types of agriculture in india practiced by farmers. Plantation is a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area. They include crops such as areca nut, coconut, cashew, oil palm, coffee, tea and rubber. Large land areas are needed for this type of agriculture. While our results cannot provide a conclusive or detailed answer to this question, we can offer some insight.
Originally, jackfruit is a native of india and presently cultivated throughout the tropical low land in both the hemispheres. Also check out our article on food and agriculture organization here. The main crops grown in the state are paddy, coconut, pepper, cashew, cassava, and plantation crops like rubber. Agriculture, kasaragod, kerala, india kerala tourism. Food grains wheat, rice, maize, millets and pulses 2. But now there is an increasing trend for the farmers in kerala to grow spices that are used worldwide. Keralas coast runs some 580 km in length, while the state itself varies between 35120 km in width. Plantation crops in india crop cultivation in india. In the midland, the soil is a red ferruginous loam of laterite origin with an admixture of clay and sand.
Spice plantation in kerala spice gardens in kerala. It is instituted as a partnership company professionally managing agro products, especially cardamom, pepper, cloves etc. This type of agriculture involves growing and processing of a single cash crop purely meant for sale. Notifications gos, pricelist, acts rules package of practice, crops, irrigation, soils. So why wait, let us dive into detailed farming of teak wood teak wood known as the king of timber belongs to the family. Teak wood farming sagwan, planting, care, harvesting. But there are several problems of plantation agriculture.
The following are the four characteristics of plantation. Due to flooding, the plantation industry in kerala is at risk of losing between eur 62 million and 88 million, and around 40% of the current crops, impacting the livelihoods of many farmers in. While exploring the kerala spice plantations, you can go for nature walks, bird watching treks, taste. Pistachios are grown for its edible nuts and pistachio tree is a small to medium sized tree with a branching main stem and a spreading growth habit. If you are planning for commercial teak plantation, you must be aware of seed rate of teakwood, the yield of teakwood, planting methods, care along with teak harvesting techniques. Countries that have plantation agriculture usually experience high annual temperatures and receive high annual rainfall. These plants are mainly confined to small holdings. Context climate change is a global phenomenon and the efforts in containing it by containing anthropogenic green house gas ghg emissions cannot be different for different states. Copy of areaprodpty trend of important crops in kerala 1. The specialised commercial cultivation of cash crops on estates or plantations is a. The total coverage of plantation crops is much less. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers. In the early years, paddy cultivation was the main agriculture activity in coastal and midland wet fields in kerala and is also connected with the culture and festivals of kerala. Keralas high gdp and productivity figures with higher development figures is often dubbed the kerala phenomenon or the kerala model of development by economists, political scientists, and sociologists.
Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming where crops are grown for profit. Kerala geography and history india map, map of india. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Gos circulars, annual plan scheme etc official inauguration of eoffice. Among the 4 major plantation crops, india produces maximum of the coconut, fol. The state had a substantial share in the four plantation crops viz.
Agriculture chapter wise important questions class 10. Problems faced by plantation agriculture in india 4 problems. In india, it is the plantation crops which form a major chunk of the crops. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. The spice plantations in kerala are captivating farms to wander in, since different spices are cultivated in different sections of each plantation. Since 1500 ad, the products from over a dozen tropical crops have been in constant demand by people in the temperate regions.
In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. The major plantation crops include coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew, tea, coffee and rubber. The fresh aromas of coffee, cardamom, pepper and clove surround you in carmelia haven, a 55 acres of plantation resort. Kerala produces several plantation crops of which the most important are rubber, tea, coffee, coconuts, arecanuts and cocoa.
Plantation agriculture in this type of agriculture, cash crops are mainly cultivated. If you are looking for a luxury kerala tour, this is the resort. It is because in such hill regions the climate and soil conditions are suitable for cultivating tea. Farmers handbook on basic agriculture acknowledgement h igher demand for agricultural raw material is now anticipated and agriculture is not any more about producing farm products and selling them exclusively at the local market. Over the past few years, there has been an increase of nearly a hundred thousand hectares in the total cropped area of the state. Kerala tourist map kerala tourism map free download pdf. Kumar department of silviculture and agroforestry, college of forestry, kerala agricultural university, kau po, thrissur 680 656, kerala. The major plantation crops cultivated in kerala are natural rubber, tea, coffee and cardamom. Kerala tourist map with destinations and distance marked. The main crops are paddy, coconut, pepper, cashew, cassava and plantation crops like rubber and cash crops. Agriculture developement government of kerala, india.
The national action plan for climate change provides the basic approach for dealing with the issue of. It was the british settlers during the colonial times who had introduced the tea plantations and cultivation in kerala. A single crop like rubber, sugarcane, coffee, tea is grown. It can reach up to 20 feet height in wild conditions and up to 10 feet in cultivated conditions. The colonial planters, who were also keen hunters, managed the day present eravikulam national park as a game preserve.
They generate considerable foreign exchange earnings by way of export. In this article we will learn about jackfruit plantation. Instead farmers today have a world market to serve. Jackfruit artocarpus heterophyllus is one of the most remunerative and important fruits of india. There are mainly three types of soil in the three natural divisions. Data book on agriculture, 2000, agriculture division, state planning board, govt, of kerala, march 2001, agricultural statistics 20002001, dept, of economics and statistics, trivandrum, govt. As repeatedly emphasised in this report, this willcall for productivity, quality and valueaddition revolutions. Although plantation agriculture is advantageous and profitable to owners. Kerala agriculture map showing different commercial crops cultivating areas, sugarcane, cotton, jute, tea, agricultural of kerala.
In the larger agrarian context of kerala, the changing cropping pattern from. Problems faced by plantation agriculture in india are i climatic hazards ii prevalence of diseases and insect pests iii difficulties of clearing and maintenance iv rapid deterioration of tropical soil. Karshika keralam department of agriculture development. Pistachio cultivation information guide agri farming. The highest tea estates in india are seen in and around munnar which is in the hill ranges of the western ghats in kerala. Farmers are shifting to perennial plantation crops, which now constitute 38% of the total cropped area in elamkulam. Each section of these plantations grows different spices the spices that are grown traditionally in our country include pepper, cinnamon, ginger and cardamom. Agriculture is one of the important sources of income for the populace of kasaragod district. Agriculture in kerala is one of the major sectors of the economy of the state since it contributes around 50 percent of the gross income of the state.
Plantation crops the area, production and productivity of plantation crops are given in table 5. Kerala geography kerala physiography, location, kerala. In recent years, homegarden researchers have raised the concern that plantationstyle agriculture in kerala is replacing more speciesrich and culturally important homegardenstyle agriculture kumar, 2005, peyre et al. The typical plantation was a selfsustained community, an economic and political institution governed with a monopoly of authority by the planter. Kerala has an equitable climate and houses a variety of flora and fauna. Page 2 an analytical study on agriculture in kerala paddy cultivation is the part and parcel of our culture and it is the states major foodgrain crop. Plantation crops were determined by soil and climate, with tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo, and sugarcane, for example, each predominating in a certain zone of the southeastern colonies of north america the labourintensive plantation. Spice plantations of kerala spice crops kerala kerala. The plantation corporation of kerala ltd, the largest plantation company in public sector was formed in 1962, by the government of kerala with an initial share capital of rs. The government of india targets to increase the average income of a farmer household at current prices to rs 2,19,724 by 202223 from rs 96,703 in 201516. Tea plantations of kerala tea estates kerala kerala. Carmelia haven is one of the leading plantation resorts in kerala. On the other hand, the smaller plantation crops include cocoa.
The important plantation crops cultivated are cashew, tea, coffee and rubber. Majority of the population in kerala are dependent directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihood. Agricultural and allied activities contribute 29% of gdp and employ 69% of total work. The cropwise break up in terms of area and production is shown in table 4. It is an estate where a single cash crop is grown for sale. The share of kerala in the area under cashew in the country has come down from 23 percent in 198788 to 9. Types of crops in india the crops grown in india can be classified into 4 categories. The tropical plantation is one of the worlds oldest systems of commercial agriculture. Preface the high ranges was a fascination for the visitors from colonial ages, which ultimately resulted in plantation agriculture in the area in early 1900. Plantation crops constitute a large group of crops. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. Geographically, kerala roughly divides into three climatically distinct regions. Plantations are mainly found in countries that have a tropical climate. Kerala geography kerala is a small strip of land lying at the southwest corner of india.
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